About This Course
This seminar is specifically designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles of power system protection design. Via a progressive “building block” approach, this
seminar proceeds from the basic concepts, such as security, reliability and duplication of
power system protection through to a comprehensive consideration of protection of the
transmission system and power station plant. Thus, this seminar is specifically designed to
meet the learning requirements of those who presently have only a fundamental knowledge of
protection principles,while, via a progressive approach, also considering more advanced
topics to thus provide a valuable insight for those more experienced in the discipline of power
system protection design. Hence, this seminar will assist both those whose day to day work
involves them in the application of protection design, coordination and relay setting, and also
those in less directly associated areas of electricity system design.
Who Should Attend The Course
Mr. Barrie Moor Principal Engineer at Power
System Protection Training, Australia.With 39 year’s experience in the Queensland electricity supply industry, our principal engineer,
the seminar author and presenter, Barrie Moor, was involved in the design, coordination and
implementation of protection schemes associated with Queensland’s HV and EHV transmission
systems since 1981.Barrie also has extensive experience with the protection of large generating plants having had
responsibility for the protection of generators at many of Queensland’s
major power stations.
Course Outline:
DAY ONE
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
- Dependability and Security
- Speed of Protection
- Protection Zones & Overlap
- The “ART” of Protection
- Unit Protection Principles
- Non-Unit Protection Principles
- • Redundancy and Duplication of protection
- Duplicate Main Protection
- Main and Local Back-up Protection
- Main and Remote Back-up Protection
- CB Fail Protection and Blind Spot Protection
- Introduction to Fault Analysis
- Per Unit Methodology
- Classical Fault Study
- Sequence Components
- Three Phase faults
- Phase – Phase Faults
- Single Phase Faults
- Resistive Earth Faults
- Transformers and Sequence Networks
- P Class Current Transformer Specification
- PX Class Current Transformer Specification
- Transient Performance of CTs
- Fault Currents and DC Offset
- DC Offset, CT Flux and (1 + X/R) Principle
- Data Synchronisation
- Conventional Biased Differential Systems
- Alpha Plane Systems
- 2, 3 and Multi Ended Systems
- Intertripping Schemes
- Back-Up Distance Relay Functionality
DAY TWO
OVER CURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
- Time & Current Discrimination
- Relay Characteristics to IEC60255
- Coordination Procedure
- Instantaneous Elements
- Grading Margins
- Parallel Elements and OC Protection Grading
- Directional Relays
- Earth Fault Protection
- Sensitive Earth Fault Protection
- Fuses Fuse and Relay Coordination
- Distance Zones, Time and Reach Coordination
- Primary and Secondary Impedances
- Simple Amplitude Comparators
- Impedance Circles
- Simple Angle Comparators
- Mho Circles
- Polarizing for Close-In Faults
- Zones of Protection – Circles and Quadrilaterals
- Three Phase Load Limit Performance
- Comparator Configurations for :
- 3 Phase and Phase-Phase Faults
- Earth Faults with Ko compensation
- Distance Relay Protection Signalling
- Permissive Under Reach Transfer Tripping
- Permissive Over Reach Transfer Tripping
- Determination of Delta CT Connection
- Delta / Star Transformer Example
- Determination of CT Ratios
- Micro Processor Relay Implications
- Winding Neutral End Faults
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection
- Zig-Zag Earthing Transformers
- Neutral Displacement Protection
DAY THREE
HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (BUSBARS)
- HZ Differential Protection Principles
- Setting Principles
- Setting Voltage for Through Fault Stability
- CT Requirements for In-Zone Fault Detection
- Current Operated Relays with Stabilising Resistors
- Limiting HZ Protection Scheme Secondary System Voltages Safely
- Primary Operating Current
- Application of Shunt Resistors
- Bus Zone Protection Check Systems
- CT Supervision Requirements
- High Impedance Differential Protection
- Schemes for other Galvanically
- (Electrically) Connected Plant
- Buchholz and Pressure Relief Devices
- Bias Differential Basic Principles
- Stability under Magnetising Inrush Conditions
- Stability under Over Excitation Conditions
- Stability with Transformer Phase Shifts
- Stability under through Earth Fault Conditions
DAY FOUR
LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
- Central and Bay Unit Designs
- Features to Accommodate Poor QualityCTs
- Multiple Zone Applications
- Allowance for Dynamic Switching of Plant
- Voltage and Check Zone Interlocking
- CB Fail and CB Fail Bus Trip Facilities
- Blind Spot Fault Facilities
- Multi Functionality
- Thermal Capability and Starting Current Stalling Current, High Inertia Loads and Number of Starts Limitation
- Effects of Unbalanced (Negative Phase Sequence – NPS) Events
- RTD Protection
- Star / Delta Starting Systems
- Loss of Load Protection
- Undervoltage Protection
- Over Current and Earth Fault Protectio
- Stator Overload Protection
- Negative Phase Sequence (NPS) Protection
- Over Voltage and Over Excitation Protection
- Under Excitation Protection
- Reverse Power Protection
- Under and Over Frequency Protection
- Out of Step Protection
DAY FIVE (Half Day)
GENERATOR PROTECTION GENERATOR FAULTS
- Generator Differential Protection Schemes
- Voltage Displacement Protection
- Stator Earth Fault Protection (100%, 95% and 3rd harmonic schemes)
- Rotor Earth Fault Protection
- Presentation of Certificates
- Wrap-up